Function Reference
Every key on the keypad, with its exact syntax, the inputs it accepts, and an example you can check.
Last updated: August 2026 · Written and verified by Akash Pandey
This is the complete function list for the main calculator. Every example is verified against the engine, so anything here can be typed in and checked. On a desktop, hovering a key shows a short version of the same information; on touch, press and hold.
Trigonometry
| Key | Meaning | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| sin | Sine | any angle | sin(30°) = 0.5 |
| cos | Cosine | any angle | cos(60°) = 0.5 |
| tan | Tangent | undefined at 90° + n·180° | tan(45°) = 1 |
| asin | Inverse sine (arcsin) | −1 to 1 | asin(0.5) = 30° |
| acos | Inverse cosine (arccos) | −1 to 1 | acos(0.5) = 60° |
| atan | Inverse tangent (arctan) | any real | atan(1) = 45° |
| sinh | Hyperbolic sine | any real | sinh(1) ≈ 1.175201 |
| cosh | Hyperbolic cosine | any real | cosh(1) ≈ 1.543081 |
| tanh | Hyperbolic tangent | any real | tanh(1) ≈ 0.761594 |
Logarithms and exponentials
| Key | Meaning | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| log | Base-10 logarithm | x > 0 | log(1000) = 3 |
| log(x, b) | Logarithm to base b | x > 0, b > 0, b ≠ 1 | log(64, 2) = 6 |
| ln | Natural logarithm (base e) | x > 0 | ln(e) = 1 |
| eˣ | e raised to a power | any real | eˣ(2) ≈ 7.389056 |
| 10ˣ | 10 raised to a power | any real | 10ˣ(3) = 1000 |
| e | Euler's number | constant | e ≈ 2.71828182846 |
| π | Pi | constant | π ≈ 3.14159265359 |
Powers and roots
| Key | Meaning | Notes | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| x² | Square | 5² = 25 | |
| x³ | Cube | 5³ = 125 | |
| xʸ | Any power | Right-associative | 2^10 = 1024 |
| √ | Square root | x ≥ 0 for a real result | √16 = 4 |
| ∛ | Cube root | accepts negatives | ∛27 = 3 |
| ⁿ√ | nth root | nthRoot(x, n) | nthRoot(81, 4) = 3 |
| 1/x | Reciprocal | x ≠ 0 | 1/5 = 0.2 |
| ×10ⁿ | Scientific notation entry | 2×10³ = 2000 |
Combinatorics and number theory
| Key | Meaning | Domain | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| n! | Factorial | non-negative; decimals via gamma | 5! = 120 |
| nPr | Permutations | integers, 0 ≤ r ≤ n | nPr(5, 2) = 20 |
| nCr | Combinations | integers, 0 ≤ r ≤ n | nCr(5, 2) = 10 |
| mod | Modulo (remainder) | divisor ≠ 0 | 7 mod 3 = 1 |
| |x| | Absolute value | any real | |−7| = 7 |
Rounding and utilities
| Key | Meaning | Notes | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| floor | Round down | towards −∞ | floor(2.9) = 2 |
| ceil | Round up | towards +∞ | ceil(2.1) = 3 |
| round | Round to nearest | halves round up | round(2.5) = 3 |
| rand | Random number | 0 ≤ r < 1 | rand() = 0.4823… |
| % | Percent | needs an operation | 200 × 15% = 30 |
| ± | Toggle sign | 5 → −5 | |
| AC | Clear everything | ||
| ⌫ | Delete last character |
The % key is context-aware rather than a plain "divide by 100". 200 × 15% gives 15% of 200; 200 + 15% adds 15% of 200 to 200. A bare 15% with nothing to apply to is treated as incomplete - the calculator waits rather than silently returning 0.15.
Memory keys
| Key | Meaning |
|---|---|
| MS | Store the current result in memory |
| MR | Recall the stored value into the expression |
| M+ | Add the current result to the stored value |
| M− | Subtract the current result from the stored value |
| MC | Clear the memory |
Frequently Asked Questions
Does log mean base 10 or base e on this calculator?
Base 10. ln is the natural logarithm. You can also pass a base explicitly with log(x, b).
How do I take a root other than a square or cube root?
Use the ⁿ√ key, which produces nthRoot(x, n). For the fourth root of 81, enter nthRoot(81, 4).
Why does nCr give an undefined result for decimals?
Combinations count whole objects, so the function is restricted to integers with 0 ≤ r ≤ n. Anything outside that returns undefined rather than a value from a generalisation you probably did not intend.
Does the memory survive closing the tab?
Yes. Memory and history are saved in your browser's local storage, so they are still there next time. Nothing is sent to a server.
How do I enter scientific notation?
Use the ×10ⁿ key. Entering 2×10³ gives 2000.